Tuesday, March 31, 2009
Adobe Photoshop-graphics editing program
Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. It is the current and primary market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. It has been described as "an industry standard for graphics professionals" and was one of the early "killer applications" on the PC.
Adobe's 2005 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS4 is the 11th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is inc
luded in most of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings.Adobe's 2005 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS4 is the 11th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is inc
Monday, March 30, 2009
Network Hacking
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
Metropolitan area network
Metropolitan area networks, or MANs, are large computer networks usually spanning a city. They typically use wireless infrastructure or Optical fiber connections to link their sites.
A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities. MANs can also depend on communications channels of moderate-to-high data rates. A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations. MANs might also be owned and operated as public utilities. They will often provide means for internetworking of local networks. Metropolitan area networks can span up to 50km, devices used are modem and wire/cable
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a large computer network that spans a metropolitan area or campus. Its geographic scope falls between a WAN and LAN. MANs provide Internet connectivity for LANs in a metropolitan region, and connect them to wider area networks like the Internet.
Tuesday, March 17, 2009
GPRS-General packet radio service
General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service available to users of the 2G cellular communication systems global system for mobile communications (GSM), as well as in the 3G systems. In the 2G systems, GPRS provides data rates of 56-114 kbit/s.
GPRS data transfer is typically charged per megabyte of traffic transferred, while data communication via traditional circuit switching is billed per minute of connection time, independent of whether the user actually is using the capacity or is in an idle state. GPRS is a best-effort packet switched service, as opposed to circuit switching, where a certain quality of service (QoS) is guaranteed during the connection for non-mobile users.
2G cellular systems combined with GPRS are often described as 2.5G, that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony. It provides moderate speed data transfer, by using unused time division multiple access (TDMA) channels in, for example, the GSM system. Originally there was some thought to extend GPRS to cover other standards, but instead those networks are being converted to use the GSM standard, so that GSM is the only kind of network where GPRS is in use. GPRS is integrated into GSM Release 97 and newer releases. It was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), but now by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Wana (Telecommunications)
Wana (formerly Maroc Connect) (established in 1999) is the third main telecommunication company in Morocco. It was one of the early Internet service providers in Morocco. It started marketing its internet services representing the brand Wanadoo, thus the name Wana. Initially a subsidiary of France Telecom, it is now entirely held by the Moroccan conglomerate ONA.
The name comes from the former Wanadoo brand which was represented by Maroc Connect in Morocco for a few years. The internet service of Wana will start soon. To avoid the high cost of cabling and installations, and to quickly serve the commercial market, Wana has used a technology known as BLR (Boucle Local Radio, Last Mile Wireless Delivery Systems).
Wanadoo changed to Orange on 1 June 2006 to simplify branding by France Telecom: this merging of companies has created a single brand offering mobile telecommunications and internet services. This is an example of one type of telecommunication convergence.
The name comes from the former Wanadoo brand which was represented by Maroc Connect in Morocco for a few years. The internet service of Wana will start soon. To avoid the high cost of cabling and installations, and to quickly serve the commercial market, Wana has used a technology known as BLR (Boucle Local Radio, Last Mile Wireless Delivery Systems).
Wanadoo changed to Orange on 1 June 2006 to simplify branding by France Telecom: this merging of companies has created a single brand offering mobile telecommunications and internet services. This is an example of one type of telecommunication convergence.
Tuesday, March 03, 2009
Turk cell
Turk cell (NYSE: TKC) is the leading mobile phone operator of Turkey, based in Istanbul. The company has 36.3 million subscribers by the end of September 2008, making it the third biggest in Europe.
In February 1994, Turk cell started Turkey's first GSM network. Its competitors are Vodafone with a market share of 24% and Avea with a market share of 16%.
Turk cell is the first Turkish company to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), where its shares have been traded since July 11, 2000 along with trading on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (IMKB).
Turk cell's shareholder structure is as follows: 51% is held by Turk cell Holding A.Ş., 4.15% by Çukurova Holding A.Ş., 13.07% by Sonera Holding B.V., 2.32% by MV Holding A.Ş., and the free float is 29.38%. Çukurova Group controls the company despite holding only 18% of the share capital, due to a complicated shareholding/voting structure.
Turk cell also provides GSM services internationally. It has 9.6 million subscribers via Fintur and its affiliates in partnership with TeliaSonera in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Moldova, as of September 30, 2007. Turk cell's Ukranian majority-held business, Astelit, has 10.6 million subscribers.
In February 1994, Turk cell started Turkey's first GSM network. Its competitors are Vodafone with a market share of 24% and Avea with a market share of 16%.
Turk cell is the first Turkish company to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), where its shares have been traded since July 11, 2000 along with trading on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (IMKB).
Turk cell's shareholder structure is as follows: 51% is held by Turk cell Holding A.Ş., 4.15% by Çukurova Holding A.Ş., 13.07% by Sonera Holding B.V., 2.32% by MV Holding A.Ş., and the free float is 29.38%. Çukurova Group controls the company despite holding only 18% of the share capital, due to a complicated shareholding/voting structure.
Turk cell also provides GSM services internationally. It has 9.6 million subscribers via Fintur and its affiliates in partnership with TeliaSonera in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Moldova, as of September 30, 2007. Turk cell's Ukranian majority-held business, Astelit, has 10.6 million subscribers.
